Course-PM

ARK324 Design and planning for social inclusion lp1 HT19 (22.5 hp)
Course is offered by the department of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Master’s Programme Architecture and Planning Beyond Sustainability /MPDSD
Emílio Brandão • brandao@chalmers.se • 0762 343 647
Shea Hagy • shea.hagy@chalmers.se • 0709 847 067

Design Studio ARK 324

 Design & Planning for Social Inclusion

23 September 2019 – 17 January 2020

Welcome to the design studio Design & Planning for Social Inclusion within the master’s programme Architecture and Planning Beyond Sustainability. The design studio starts on Monday 23 September 2019 and ends on Friday 17 January 2020.

Introduction

The so-called Million Homes Programme is a corner stone in the development of the Swedish welfare society. About one million modern homes were built from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, mainly in new settlements in the outskirts of towns and cities. The Swedish term förort (‘suburb’) commonly refers to such areas, rather than the sprawling suburbia, and is usually connected to a negative imagery and socioeconomic problems and decay. The social segregation and marginalisation are results from how these areas were used in the policies of distribution of housing in the last 40 years: placing there – often in areas already distanced from the rest of the city, both geographically and (infra)structurally –  the newcomers and refugees from countries in crisis, due to the lower rental prices, and consequently creating local communities with very low purchasing power and economic capital growth. This, in turn, and besides of the obvious inequalities in access to resources, resulted in a low interest for investments and maintenance from the main stakeholders in power. This kind of marginalised, large-scale, peri-urban housing areas is in the focus of discussions about segregation and social conflicts all over the industrialised world, and often pointed out as one of the most urgent challenges. At the same time, there is a debate going on in Sweden on the need for giant investments in upgrading these areas after more than four decades of insufficient maintenance and to comply with the new demands for sustainable living standards.

In the light of these challenges, especially since there are many indications of continuously increasing gaps and escalating social exclusion, it is often suggested that we need to put more emphasis on citizen participation and bottom-up perspectives in local planning and development of the built environment. In Gothenburg as in many other cities, new policies urge for dialogues with inhabitants, social impact assessments and co-creative processes. New tools are constantly being developed for this and there is a growing demand of architecture and planning professionals that can carry out the tasks at hand. This studio has a focus on design and planning for social inclusion in the context of the Million Homes Programme.

Description of the studio

Through a series of exercises, lectures, seminars and workshops, this design studio elaborates with the challenges for built environment professionals (architects, designers, planners, engineers, antiquarians, etc.) to contribute to sustainable development in Million Homes Programme areas, linking social and cultural aspects to e.g. environmental, technical, aesthetic, economic aspects. The exercises include using different methods to analyse a wide variety of stakeholders involved, the studied area, its places, life and functions. Some of these exercises are developed in close collaboration with people living or working there. There is a specific focus on introducing and practicing different methods for citizen participation in co-creation processes, as an important dimension of working for social inclusion.

The rich programme with lectures, seminars and workshops involve practitioners and researchers with expertise in the studio’s key themes, many with local connection but also international guests.

The main task is the project work, which is carried out in small groups. The studio’s projects are initiated in collaboration with several local stakeholders to connect to ongoing real projects and needs and give the students possibilities to develop skills for their future professions in an integrated way and with a local and sustainable participatory impact. The location of the studio’s facilities is in Hammarkullen, providing a unique possibility for the students to get a very close relation to one area representing the studio’s context.

Expected deliveries are:

a) presentation of results from a series of minor exercises and project chapters;

b) posters and presentation material of different kind, including interactive models, different types of graphics (illustrations, drawings, diagrams, etc.) and various media, presenting the studio project and communicating the work process and results to different sorts of audiences;

c) a logbook from each project group collecting a selection of core project material regarding background, purpose, methods, the project process and methodology, key results within different conceptual parameters and discussion;

d) an oral public presentation and exhibition planned and organized in the study area;

e) an individual written reflection on the work in relation to the studio’s themes and thoughts about the student’s pedagogical experience and future professions.

You can find previous years’ presented material at (under updating process)
http://suburbsdesign.wordpress.com
(the logbooks from the previous year will be available for consultation at the studio’s small library in the Hammarkullen working spaces)

Aim

The studio will give knowledge and practice about challenges and opportunities for development in suburban areas built in the 1960s and 70s as part of the Swedish Million Homes Programme. Social aspects of sustainable development and citizen participation are specific focus areas.

Main Learning Outcome

At the end of this studio the students will be prepared to work as professional architects, planners, designers, engineers, antiquarians, etcetera, in design, planning and reconstruction of suburban areas from the Million Homes Programme – linking social aspects to e.g. environmental, technical, aesthetic, economic aspects of sustainable development.

Learning Objectives

The learning objectives are here presented in five themes, which are equally valued.

1. Analysis
   Be able to describe and analyse the local context of a Swedish Million Homes Programme area…
   a) …regarding its physical environment, including such as natural landscape, infrastructure, buildings and historical development
   b) …regarding its sociocultural characteristics, including such as demographic patterns, cultural identities, living conditions, governance and social networks
   c) …taking into account the potential differences in perspectives between different groups among people living and working in the area, planners and other relevant actors
   d) …relating to important global trends and issues, such as segregation, gender inequalities, ethnic discrimination and climate change
   
   

2. Participative tools and methods
   Be able to carry out planning and design projects in collaboration with citizens, employees and other local actors…
   a) … choosing/(re)designing appropriate participative tools and methods
   b) …applying, examining and analysing these tools and methods as part of the project work
   
   

3. Design methodology and skills
   Be able to design a proposal that aims to contribute to sustainable development in the studied area…
   a) …emphasising social and cultural aspects and the improvement of living/working conditions
   b) …taking departure in existing local conditions (both physical and sociocultural)
   c) …using knowledge and skills related to the profession of architects, planners, designers, engineers, antiquarians, etcetera
   
   

4. Presentation and communication
   Be able to communicate the work in a good way to a broad target group of local and external actors…
   a) …in an oral stage presentation
   b) …in an exhibition with posters, models and other exhibition materials
5. Critical reflection
   Be able to analyse and reflect critically upon your own practice in your project work…
   a) ….regarding your role in the project group
   b) ….regarding your project work in relation to the local community
   c) ….regarding your design proposal and such as potential conflicts between different aspects of sustainability, and between different stakeholders’ interests

Course Structure

This is a full-time study course (average of 40 hours a week) and it consists of lectures, seminars, study visits, exercises, literature studies, project work, presentation and critique. This is a preliminary brief overview of the curriculum, which includes:

• Impressions regarding the context
• Introduction to theory and key concepts within socially sustainable architecture and planning
• Observations, analysis and understandings
• Reflections and collaborative engagement in subjects
• Focus and delimitation of project work
• Dialogue and participation in action
• Experiment, improvise, co-create (co-initiate, co-design, co-evaluate)
• Project work in smaller groups (including collaborative-learning in group dynamics)
• Joint exhibition, oral presentations, evaluation, examination
• Critical reflection, feedback

The course is divided into three parts following the course’s motto “TUNE IN + IMPROVISE + PERFORM”. During the first three weeks (the TUNE IN part) you will learn about Hammarkullen and the North-eastern and Eastern districts of Gothenburg – the main local settings for the master studio – and the people living and working there. During this period, you will also gradually develop knowledge and understanding of the course’s (theoretical and conceptual) subjects that you will approach and works with during the long project work. On the second week, the Experimental Week: theory into practice, you will take part on an important public and local cultural event, the Hammarkullen Culture Walk. On the third week, you will start to work with your projects in smaller groups through the development of a project plan (design of a strategy and a time-plan for how you will work).

In the next period (IMPROVISE), for four weeks, the lectures and workshops given are purposely structured to intensively introduce and approach in a sequence, dialogue and participatory methods within architecture and planning, from collaborative methods of analysis of project background and circumstances to co-designing tools. In the analysis you will focus on how you, in your future profession, can work with different collaborative tools for inquiry and collection of information in order to understand and know an area. This includes knowledge of both the physical, the economical, the cultural and the social environments, as well as the understanding of the structure of stakeholders behind your project. At the same time, in your project work you will be planning and designing your participatory processes. This period has a strong focus on the moderation of dialogue processes, the collaboration with the closest stakeholders, users, and other directly interested actors for each specific project and respective problem formulation. Such processes are rarely linear and skills such as re-planning, reflection, adaptation and improvisation in combination with your creative approach to all types of encounters will help you to reach the design purpose, formulations and guidelines of your project. This period ends in a midterm feedback session of the current state of the project work.

The final part of the studio is mainly related to the collaborative design part of your project work and your chosen working processes (PERFORM). During these last eight weeks, you will work with your project designs and develop them in close contact with citizens, organisations and other stakeholders, active and involved in the areas where your projects will be implemented. You will therefore be working within different levels of co-design methods and the main focus of your work will rely on the design outcome. During the last weeks of this period you will make a presentation of your work for the public, citizens and other stakeholders in Hammarkullen, in the form of an interactive exhibition. This is an important part of this studio, since we do not only want their feedback, but also to give something back to the community. Finally, a collaborative evaluation of your projects will take place at Chalmers in the last week and with the involvement of the main experts, the main stakeholders for each project. Here, the projects will be discussed with the respective stakeholders, in order for you to receive feedback on the entire process, outcome and collaboration. This event includes a formal hand-over of a project package for the stakeholders to continue with the work.

Lectures, literature studies, seminars, workshops and tutorials, all aim to support your learning process, to give knowledge and create understanding about challenges and opportunities for sustainable development in Swedish Million Homes Programme areas. In a specific assignment labelled Individual Critical Reflection, you will, with the help from literature, seminars and workshops, be given the task to develop your own critical written reflection about your learning process throughout the course, how your project proceeded and how your perspective on your professional role has developed. This paper will be briefly discussed in the last day of the course, in a final seminar with the entire group.

Formal Specifications for the Course

Course code at Chalmers: ARK324

22,5 ECTS higher education credits

Grading: TH - Fail, 3, 4 or 5

Education cycle: Advanced level

Main field: Architecture

Department: Architecture and Civil Engineering

Teaching language: English

Study period: 1–2, Autumn term 2019

Credit distribution: At the end of study period 2

Examiners and teachers

Examiner, main responsible and supervisor:
Emílio da Cruz Brandão, brandao@chalmers.se, 0762 343 647

Teacher, coordinator and supervisor:
Shea Hagy, shea.hagy@chalmers.se, 0709 847 067

Examination

As a minimum, to pass the course and receive a grade, you need:

• Presence at all scheduled activities is required. Some absence can be accepted if there are legitimate reasons (e.g. temporary sickness). In other cases, supplementary assignments have to be handed in in order to compensate for absence (e.g. written reviews on literature). Non-compensated absence will negatively influence the grades;
• Active participation at seminars, workshops and in group work;
• Course participation and exercises of sufficient quality (i.e. that fulfils the course objectives and presentation requirements);
• Delayed submission of hand-ins without any approved motivation will negatively influence the grades;
• Electronic course evaluations should be filled in.

Criteria for grading (3, 4 or 5) of the different parts in the course is found in the Assessment and Grading and Evaluation matrix tables available in the course folder on Canvas.

Studio Location

The course takes place mainly in the study area of Hammarkullen, in the studio’s facilities (the former Centre for Urban Studies).

The first part of the design studio consists of intense weeks with many lectures and interaction with citizens, organisations and local employees, often out in the field. In the project work phase, some of the groups will be working in other areas outside of Angered – these groups will possibly be provided with borrowed working spaces close to their respective project areas, to organize project related events such as participatory workshops. The last weeks will also be intensive, with exhibitions, public presentations in Hammarkullen, and co-evaluation of your design projects with invited stakeholders.

Start

Please note with special attention that the course will start on Monday 23 of September at 8.30 at our studio’s facilities in Hammarkullen. The address is Hammarkulletorget 62B (the entrance is in front of you when you exit the tram station, and it’s between the Folkets Hus and the library), then take the elevator or the stairs up to the 7^th floor. The door code up there is: 7901. You can get to Hammarkullen with tram 4, 8 or 9 from the city centre and towards Angered, then get off at the station “Hammarkullen".

Schedule

The studio start is in the end of September, right in the middle of study period 1 and goes on until the end of study period 2 in January 2020.

A preliminary calendar overview for the entire course has been attached to this welcome letter. During the weeks preceding the start of the course, more information will be made available at Canvas (https://chalmers.instructure.com/) under the event with the course code ARK324. Students get access to the course material at Canvas, after admission and respective course registration.

Literature

A comprehensive and updated literature list will be available on Canvas when the studio starts. You are very welcome to read the former reports made in this design studio – they are publicly available at the course’s website (http://suburbsdesign.wordpress.com/).

There will also be a separate compulsory literature list for each of the literature seminars.

Here is some more literature to choose from if you want to read something before we start:

Abrahamsson, Hans (2015). ”Dialog och medskapande i vår tids stora omdaning.” In: Utbildning och lärande nr 1/2015, Skövde Högskola, Skövde.

Adler, Inga-Lisa (2015). Medskapardemokrati. Interaktiva styrningsprocesser och medskapande dialogarbetssätt. Göteborgs universitet, Förvaltningshögskolans rapporter nummer 134

Andrews, Rhys, Richard Cowell, James Downe and Steve Martin (2006). Promoting Effective Citizenship and Community Empowerment: A Guide for Local Authorities on Enhancing Capacity for Public Participation. London, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.

Aravena, Alejandro; Iacobelli, Andrés (2012). Elemental. Ostfildern, Hatje Cantz Verlag.

Archis et al. (2015). Volume 43: Self-building City. Amsterdam, Stichting Archis

Arnstein, S.R. (1969) A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 35(4):216-24.

Awan, Nishat; Schneider, Tatjana; Till, Jeremy (2013). Spatial agency: other ways of doing architecture. Routledge.

Bjørn, Niels, Ed. (2008). Arkitektur der forandrer: Fra ghetto til velfungerende byområde. København, Gads Forlag.

Blundell Jones, Peter, Doina Petrescu and Jeremy Till, Eds. (2005). Architecture and Participation. London and New York, Spon Press, taylor and Francis Group.

Brillembourg, Alfredo; Klumpner, Hubert (2012) Torre David: Informal Vertical Communities. Zürich, Lars Müller Publishers.

Brown, Tim (2009). Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organisations and Inspires Innovation. New York, HarperBusiness

Campbell, Kelvin (2018). Making Massive Small Change. A Compendium of Ideas, Tools and Tactics to Build Viable Urban Neighbourhoods. Chelsea Green Publishing Co

Chambers, Robert (2002). Participatory Workshops: A Sourcebook of 21 Sets of Ideas and Activities. London, Earthscan Ltd.

Cirugeda, Santiago (2015). Situaciones Urbanas / Urban Situations. Barcelona, Editorial Tenov S.L.

Cupers, Kenny; Miessen, Markus (2018). Spaces of Uncertainty. Berlin Revisited. Birkhauser

Davis, Martin; Hayes, Liz Millward (2009). The Theory and Practice of Tenant Participation in Housing: Their House, Your Home.

De La Pena, David; Allen, Diane Jones; Hester, Rodolph T. (2017). Design as Democracy. Techniques for Collective Creativity. Island Press.

Eriksson, Johanna; Nylander, Ola (2016). Mer Dialog Med Fler: Vertyg fö Snapp Planprocess. Göteborg, Reproservice Chalmers

Faga, Barbara (2006). Designing Public Consensus: The Civic Theater of Community Participation for Architects, Landscape Architects, Planners, and Urban Designers. New Jersey, Wiley.

Gaventa, J (2004). "Towards Participatory Governance: Assessing the Transformative Possibilities". In: Participation: From Tyranny to Transformation. Hickey and Mohan. London, Zed Books: 25-41.

Gehl, Jan, Lars Gemzoe, Sia Kirknaes and Britt Sternhagen Sondergaard (2006). New City Life. Copenhagen, The Danish Architecture Press / Arkitektens Forlag.

Gehl, Jan (2010). Cities for People. Rejkavik, Island Press.

Gehl, Jan (2011). Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space. Rejkavik, Island Press.

Granér, Sara (2016). 13 Myter om Bostadsfrågan. Årsta, Dokument Press.

Gray, Dave; Brown, Sunni; Macanufo, James (2010). Gamestorming: A Playbook for Innovators, Rulebreakers and Changemakers / Knowledge Games: The Visual Thinking Playbook. Unknown, O’Reilly & Associates

Hall, Thomas and Sonja Vidén (2005). "The Million Homes Programme: A Review of the Great Swedish Planning Project." In: Planning Perspectives 20(3): 301-328.

Hamdi, Nabeel (1995). Housing without houses. Participation, flexibility, enablement. London: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd

Hamdi, Nabeel (2004). Small Change. About the art of practice and the limits of planning in cities. New York: Earthscan

Hamdi, Nabeel (2010). The placemaker's guide to building community. London, CPI Antony Rowe.

Hamdi, Nebeel (2014). The placemaker's guide to big change. New York, NY Routledge.

Herzfeld, Michael (2016). Cultural Intimacy. Social Poetics and the Real Life of States, Societies, and Institutions. Routledge

Hofmann, Susanne (2014). Architecture is participation. Berlin, Jovis.

Holgerssonm Helena; Thörn, Catcharina; Thörn, Håkan; Wahlström, Mattias. (2010). (Re)searching Gothenburg. Essays on a changing city. Hässleholm: Glänta produktion

Holman, Peggy, Tom Devane & Steven Cade (2007). The Change Handbook: The Definitive Resourse on Today's Best Methods for Engaging Whole Systems. San Francisco, Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.

Hou, Jeffrey (2010). Insurgent Public Space: Guerrilla Urbanism and the Remaking of Contemporary Cities. London, Routledge

Jenkins, Paul and Forsyth, Leslie (2010). Architecture, Participation and Society. Oxon, Routledge.

Katan, Roger (2014). Building together: Case Studies in Participatory Planning and Community Building. New York, New Village Press.

Krusell, Mathias; Widehammar, Malin; Thörn, Catarina (2016) Rätt att Bo Kvar: En Handbok i Organisering mot Hyreshöjninger och Gentrifiering. Göteborg, Koloni Förlag

Listerborn, Carina (2007). "Who speaks? And who listens? The relationship between planners and women’s participation in local planning in a multi-cultural urban environment." In: GeoJournal 70: 61–74.

Logan, William; Reeves, Keir (2009). Places of Pain and Shame. Dealing With 'Difficult Heritage'. Routledge.

Lowndes, Vivien and Helen Sullivan (2004). "Like a Horse and Carriage or a Fish on a Bicycle: How Well do Local Partnerships and Public Participation go Together?" In: Local Government Studies 30(1): 51-73.

Lydon, M., Garcia, A., Duany, A. (2015). Tactical Urbanism. Washington. Island Press

Lärjedalen (2009b). Local Action Plan for Hammarkullen. Göteborg, Göteborgs stad.

Martin, Bella; Hanington, Bruce (2012). Universal Methods of Design. Beverly, Rockport Publishers

Martin, Bella; Hanington, Bruce (2017). The Pocket Universal Methods of Design. Beverly, Rockport Publishers

Miessen, Markus & Basar, Shumon (2006). Did someone say participate?. Frankfurt, Revolver

Miessen, Markus (2016). Crossbenching. Merve Verlag GmbH

Monu (2013). Monu 18: Communal Urbanism. Amsterdam, Broad Publishers

Monu (2015). Monu 23: Participatory Urbanism. Rotterdam, Monu

Monu (2016). Monu 24: Domestic Urbanism. Rotterdam, Monu

Moto, Gregory. (2016). Shipping Container Homes: The Ultimate Beginners Guide to Designing, Building & Investing in Shipping Container Homes. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

NAO (2004). English Regions: Getting Citizens Involved: Community Participation in Neighbourhood Renewal. London, National Audit Office.

Nigten, Anne, Ed. (2010). Real Projects for Real People Volume 1. Rotterdam, The Patching Zone.

OECD (2001). Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy Making. Paris, OECD.

Oswalt, Philipp; Overmeyer, Klaus; Misselwitz, Philipp (2013). Urban Catalyst: the power of temporary use. Berlin, DOM Publishers.

Petrescu, Doina; Trogal, Kim (2017). The Social (Re)Production of Architecture. London, Routledge

Raumlabourberlin, Ed. (2014). Building The City Togther: The Osthang Project, Berlin,ZK/U Press.

Raumlabourberlin (2015). Art City Lab: New Spaces for Art. Berlin, Jovis Verlag GmbH

Roke, Rebecca (2017). Mobitecture. London, Phaidon Press Ltd.

Roussou E., Brandao E., Thuvander L., Adelfio M. (2019) Social Inclusion When Community Outreach Becomes The Core Of Architectural Education. Chalmers University of Technology

Sandercock, Leonie, Ed. (1998). Making the Invisible Visible: A Multicultural Planning History. Berkely, Los Angeles, London, University of California Press.

Sandercock, Leonie (2003). Cosmopolis II: Mongrel Cites of the 21st Century. London, New York, Continuum.

Sanoff, Henry (2000). Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning. New York, Wiley.

Shea, Andrew (2012). Designing for Social Change. New York, Princeton Architectural Press

Schinkel, Ulrike; Jain, Angela; Schröder, Sabine, Ed. (2014). Local Action and PArticipation: Approaches and Lessons Learnt from Participatory Projects and Action research in Future Megacities. Berlin, Jovis Verlag GmbH

Schulz, Solveig and Bengt Johansson (2007). "State of the Art: Sweden". In: Improving the Quality of Existing Urban Building Envelopes 2: State of the Art. Andeweg, Brunoro and Verhoef. Amsterdam, IOS Press.

Schulz, Solveig, Sonja Viden and Chandra Satish (2007). "General Overview of the Problems Needs and Solutions in the Swedish Urban Building Envelopes". In: Improving the Quality of Existing Urban Building Envelopes 3. Melgaard, Hadjimichael and Verhoef. Amsterdam, IOS Press.

Schön, Donald A (1995). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Aldershot, Hants, Basic Books, Inc.

Sernhede, Ove (2002). "Hip Hop and Social Exclusion Amongst Young Male Immigrants in 'The New Sweden'". In: Lifestyle, Desire and Politics: Contemporary Identities. Johansson and Sernhede. Göteborg, Diadalos: 227-239.

Stavrides, Stavros (2016). Common Space. The City as Commons. Zed Books Ltd.

Stenberg, Jenny (2004). Planning in Interplace? On Time, Power and Learning in Local Activities Aiming at Social Inclusion and Sustainable Development. Thesis, Gothenburg, Chalmers Architecture.

Stenberg, Jenny (2012). "The Strength of Codesign: Citizens as Community Builders". In: Design, Participation, Sustainability, ICT: Sustainable Public Open Spaces and Participation through Interaction and ICT. Ooms and Verbeke. Ghent, Belgium: 78-93.

Stenberg, Jenny & Lasse Fryk (2012). "Urban Empowerment through Community Outreach in Teaching and Design." In: Elsevier Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 46: 3284–3289.

Stenberg, Jenny, et.al (2012). "Urban Empowerment: Cultures of Participation and Learning". In: Open access paper https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/175736. Gothenburg, Mistra Urban Futures.

Stenberg, Jenny (2013). "Citizens as Knowledge Producers in Urban Change: Participation Changing Procedures and Systems." In: Footprint - Participatory Turn in Urbanism 7(2): 131-142.

Stenberg, Jenny, et al (2013). Framtiden är redan här: Hur invånare kan bli medskapare i stadens utveckling (The Future is already here: How inhabitants may be codesigners in urban development). Göteborg, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola. (can be downloaded from www.mellanplats.se)

Stenberg, Jenny (2018). Dilemmas associated with tenant participation in renovation of housing in marginalized areas may lead to system change. Cogent Social Sciences 4: 1528710, 2018. Open access doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1528710.

Steyaert, Stef and Lisoir Hervé, Eds. (2005). Participatory Methods Toolkit: A Practitioner’s Manual. Belgium, King Baudouin Foundation and the Flemish Institute for Science and Technology Assessment (viWTA) www.kbs-frb.be or www.viWTA.be.

Tahvilzadeh, Nazem et al. (2015). Medborgardialog - Demokrati eller Dekoration: Tolv Röster om Dialogens Problem och Potential i Samhällsplaneringen. Stockholm, Stiftelsen Arkus

TAMassociati (2016). Taking Care: Designing for the Common Good. Pergine Valsugana (Trento), Becco Giallo

Taylor, Marilyn (2007). "Community Participation in the Real World: Opportunities and Pitfalls in New Governance Spaces." Urban Studies 44(2): 297-317.

Till, Jeremy (2013). Architecture Depends. MIT Press

TILT (2013). Codesigning Space. London, Artifice Books on Architecture

Thörn, Catharina (2008). "Intervention or the Need for a New Cultural Critique." In: The Politics of Magma(5): 42-66.

Wacquant, Loic J D (1996). "Red Belt, Black Belt: Racial Division, Class Inequality and the State in French Urban Periphery and the American Ghetto". In: Urban Poverty and the Underclass: A Reader. Mingione. London, Blackwell: 234-274.

Vervloesem, Els et al. (2016). Oase # 96 - Social Poetics. The Architecture of Use and Appropriation. Rotterdam, NAI Publishers

Viden, Sonja (2007). "Rebuilding Modern Housing for Increased Sustainability". In: Improving the Quality of Existing Urban Building Envelopes 4: Structures. di Giulio, Bozinovski and Verhoef. Amsterdam, IOS Press.

Vigoda, E. (2002). "From Responsiveness to Collaboration: Governance, Citizens, and the New Generation of Public Administration." In: Public Administration Review, 62(5): 527-540.

Woltjer, Johan (2000). Consensus Planning: The Relevance of Communicative Planning Theory in Dutch Infrastructure Development. Aldershot, Ashgate.

3XN (2010). Mind Your Behaviour. Copenhagen, 3XN